Panic Attack Guide

What causes panic attacks?

Panic attacks do not have a single cause. Research points to a combination of genetics, temperament, major life stress, and changes in brain areas that process fear, notably the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.People with a first-degree relative who has panic disorder are more likely to develop it themselves, which suggests a heritable component. But environment and learned patterns matter just as much.

How to Stop a Panic Attack?

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How to help someone having a panic attack?

1Stay with them. Do not walk away to “give them space” unless they ask you to.2Keep your voice low and slow. They will regulate to your nervous system.3Do not say “calm down” or “it’s all in your head.” It is not helpful, and the symptoms are real.4Offer the 60-second script (breathing, 5-4-3-2-1 grounding, naming). Do it with them if they can’t read.5Offer water, a cool cloth, or a chair.